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Hemileia vastatrix
Symptoms of Infestation
Small, pale yellow spots on the upper surfaces of leaves.
Dusty orange pustules (clusters of urediniospores of the fungus) appear on the lower surfaces of leaves.
Depending on the climate, the color of the pustules on the lower leaf surfaces may vary from yellowish-orange to reddish-orange.
Sources of Spread and Transmission
Transmission through fungal spores carried by wind.
Transmission via distribution centers and marketing outlets.
Planting infected seedlings.
Transmission through intensive cultivation and alternative hosts carrying the disease.
Transmission via birds and insects moving between trees.
Prevention and Control Mechanism
Planting resistant varieties, ensuring proper irrigation and fertilization, and maintaining field cleanliness.
Proper pruning of coffee plants helps regulate production, maintain plant vigor, and reduce susceptibility to rust; it also improves air circulation between plants, which promotes rapid drying of leaf surfaces from water droplets.
Effective weed control is essential to maintain plant strength and reduce rust incidence.
When symptoms appear on coffee trees, all trees in the field should be sprayed with a copper-based fungicide such as copper oxychloride, with reapplication after two weeks if necessary.