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Ceratitis capitata
Signs of Infestation
Presence of puncture marks on the fruit caused by the insect ovipositor during egg laying.
Appearance of a dark halo around the oviposition site.
Fruit pulp becomes soft and undergoes fermentation.
Fruit rot and drop.
Sources of Spread and Transmission
Direct transmission through the flight of adult insects from one place to another.
Abundance of host fruits with successive ripening periods.
Commercial fruit trade between countries and regions.
Disposal of rotten and infested fruits in dumps, valleys, and along roadsides.
Prevention and Control Mechanism
Regular inspection of orchards and monitoring for the first signs of infestation to ensure timely and effective control.
Avoid planting different types of fruit trees in mixed orchards, as successive ripening periods increase pest spread.
Turning over the soil in tree basins at the end of each season to eliminate resting stages (pupae).
Heavy irrigation (flooding of basins), especially after harvest, to kill resting stages (in heavy soils).
Collecting and disposing of infested and fallen fruits.
Using pheromone traps to monitor the pest before fruit coloring begins.
Mass trapping using bait traps (olfactory traps containing fermenting attractants that lure flies) in areas where the pest is likely to enter.